cat /proc/asound/cards says --- no soundcards --- Pd doesn't see any soundcards.
I think the problem is that the DAC get its data from the GPIO pins that Pd cannot communicate with.
I would ask the manufacturers of this https://www.berrybase.de/en/new/argon-nanosound-one-case-f-252-r-raspberry-p... how their sound card can be accessed or if specific drivers (called "Modules" in linux) have to be loaded.
I wonder if anybody made a "virtual soundcard" that talks to the RPi GPIO and shows up as a ALSA device.
This would be so complicated that I don't expect the manufacturers to force you to do this.